WASHINGTON — For months, the White House under President Donald Trump operated with few real rules, and those were barely enforced. People wandered into the Oval Office throughout the day. The president was given pieces of unvetted information, and found more on his own that he often tweeted out. Policy decisions were often based on whoever had last received his attention.

Mr Trump’s Twitter habit shows little sign of abating. On vacation earlier at his private club in Bedminster, New Jersey, and now, ensconced again in the White House, he has been watching television – unfettered by any aides – and responding as he always has.

But inside the West Wing, the president’s new chief of staff, Mr John F. Kelly, has been trying to control the things he can. After being sworn in on July 31, he spent three weeks assessing how to create a less jumbled, chaotic churn around Mr Trump, and how to create a system that the president’s staff will respect. In two memos sent to the staff on Monday (Aug 21), he began to detail his plan, starting with how he wants information to get to the president, and how Mr Trump will respond.

Codifying of paper flow and decision-making is not usually of note in a White House, and the practices laid out were fairly standard in previous administrations. But in Mr Trump’s White House, where fiefs have been in constant combat and decision-making has often been ill defined, the memos, first reported by Politico, mark a new era.

The pair of memos, signed by Mr Robert Porter, the assistant to the president for policy coordination and staff secretary, as well as Mr Kelly, codified rules and procedures that a White House typically sets at the outset of an administration.

Mr Kelly’s predecessor, Mr Reince Priebus, sent some similar guidelines around early in the administration, according to two officials, but they were never taken seriously. Retired Marine general Kelly has been treated with a different level of deference inside the building, those aides said. Staff members discovered early on that they could defy Priebus, the officials said, but crossing a Marine is a different matter.

Mr Kelly has made clear that one thing he will not seek to directly control is the behavior of the president, and there is a good reason for that.

Mr Trump has a history of lashing out at advisers who have publicly conveyed their attempts to impose tighter procedures on him. Just before Election Day, for example, Mr Trump blew up publicly after a New York Times report that his aides had succeeded in keeping him off Twitter for the final stages of the campaign. He tweeted several times to enforce the point.

Despite Mr Kelly’s fairly deft touch at approaching the president, Mr Trump has shown signs of rebelling after stories have appeared describing how his chief of staff has put tighter controls in place and is imposing some discipline on White House operations. That included his news conference at Trump Tower in which he doubled down on his blame for “both sides” in the racially charged violence in Charlottesville, Virginia, and his campaign rally speech in Arizona on Tuesday (Aug 22) when he accused the news media of mischaracterising his statements.

Mr Kelly had urged Trump to deliver a more sombre, traditional statement the day before. And he and other advisers had urged the president to avoid taking questions from the news media at Trump Tower, a request that the president ignored.

Before the rally in Arizona, aides prepared a sober set of remarks for him to deliver about unity, and sought to redirect his focus after he learned of a Times report about his relationship with Mr Mitch McConnell, the Senate majority leader. Mr Trump, who trusts few people and adjusts to new advisers gradually, railed at his new chief of staff over the story, according to one person close to the president.

Still, the memos have brought comfort to a number of Mr Trump’s advisers who have sought structure in a Wild West environment. And they have provided guardrails where few existed.

“Kelly is instilling processes to ensure that the president has the information and analysis he needs to make decisions,” said White House Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders.

The memos were follow-ups to themes that Mr Kelly touched on during a conference call with senior staff members where he went through a menu of items related to how the president receives information, how he makes decisions, how meetings with him are scheduled, and how speeches are scheduled and written.

The effect so far has been, at times, a more pronounced split-screen between the president’s public behaviour and his staff’s more structured approach. But inside the West Wing, several aides said they felt more protected by an established process.

In one of the memos, White House aides were told that all materials prepared for the president must go first to Mr Porter for vetting and clearance. Then Mr Kelly must sign off on them before they go to Mr Trump’s desk. That includes news articles, according to West Wing officials who described the memos’ content – of particular importance, given the propensity for some of Mr Trump’s staff to slip him news accounts from dubious sources that shape his thinking or prompt him to cite unreliable or inaccurate information.

In the second memo, Mr Kelly and Mr Porter set up a system for deciding policy issues that have a legal aspect, such as executive orders, to ensure that all sides of the issue are heard. Any decision made in a meeting will be formalised in a memo that has to go through Mr Porter and then Mr Kelly for final sign-off.

That process is expected to curtail freelancing and hijacking of decisions by West Wing aides. Ousted White House chief strategist Bannon was often accused of taking advantage of the loose process, but Mr Trump’s son-in-law, Mr Jared Kushner, and his daughter, Ivanka, who both work in the West Wing, have also frustrated their colleagues for months by going directly to the president on specific issues.

On Mr Kelly’s first day on the job, he held a small meeting with top aides to the president after a fuller staff meeting. He told them that Oval Office access to Mr Trump, which was once nearly universal to people coming through the West Wing, would be strictly limited to appointments only.

The exceptions, Mr Kelly said, were the president’s wife and his 11-year-old son. He added, turning to Ms Ivanka Trump, who was seated near him, the president’s eldest daughter, if she was speaking to him as a daughter and not a member of his staff. Mr Kushner and Ms Trump quickly gave in to Mr Kelly’s new system, two White House officials said.

Since Mr Trump returned from a working vacation at his golf club in New Jersey, the newly renovated West Wing has taken on a more formal air. Not only is the door to the Oval Office closed, preventing passers-by from catching the president’s eye, but a corridor door leading to the president’s office has also been kept closed.

Mr Trump, who often complained about Mr Priebus, appears to have absorbed the need for one person to run the staff. The changes Mr Kelly has put in place have resulted in a more streamlined, functional government, administration officials said.

But Mr Trump, presidential experts say, has shown he is immune to efforts to bring lasting change to his own behavior. And that could ultimately undermine Mr Kelly’s mission.

“Let’s assume for the moment that Trump has learnt the first big lesson of his first six months, which is that you have to empower the White House chief of staff to be a real gatekeeper,” said Mr Chris Whipple, author of “The Gatekeepers: How the White House Chiefs of Staff Define Every Presidency”.

“What he hasn’t learnt and what he has shown no sign of learning, is that governing is completely different from campaigning,” Mr Whipple said. THE NEW YORK TIMES